China may have achieved a significant milestone in space technology, with U.S. satellite tracking companies reporting a potential first-ever in-orbit satellite refueling. This advanced maneuver, if confirmed, underscores Beijing’s accelerating capabilities in space servicing and raises questions about the dual-use nature of its rapidly developing space technologies.
The alleged attempt involved China’s experimental SJ-25 satellite, believed to be specifically designed for in-orbit servicing missions, as it approached another satellite, SJ-21. While ground-based telescopes could not definitively verify a physical docking, space tracking companies confirmed that the two spacecraft came within a kilometer of each other, indicating a high probability of a successful rendezvous and potential docking maneuver.
In-orbit refueling and servicing are critical technologies for extending the operational lifespan of satellites, enabling greater maneuverability, and potentially recovering or repairing malfunctioning assets. Such capabilities could revolutionize how satellites are deployed and maintained, offering significant economic and strategic advantages. However, the Shijian series of satellites, to which both SJ-25 and SJ-21 belong, are noted for their “dual-use technologies” – meaning their capabilities for inspection and repair could potentially be adapted for anti-satellite (ASAT) missions, raising concerns among international observers.
This suspected refueling attempt fits within China’s broader and increasingly ambitious space agenda. Concurrently, China has been actively launching its Guowang communications satellites, intending to establish a comprehensive low-Earth orbit constellation aimed at competing directly with U.S.-backed systems like Starlink. These efforts highlight Beijing’s strategic intent to not only master advanced space operations but also to challenge established norms and leadership in the orbital domain.
The implications of successful in-orbit refueling extend far beyond mere logistical convenience. It signifies a leap in China’s ability to sustain prolonged operations in space, manage its growing satellite constellations more efficiently, and potentially enhance the resilience and flexibility of its orbital assets for both civilian and military purposes. As China continues to push the boundaries of space technology, such developments will undoubtedly remain a focal point of international scrutiny and strategic assessment.