Portugal is strengthening its ties with the U.S. F-35 fighter jet program, signaling a significant strategic commitment even as formal acquisition remains a subject of ongoing debate. This nuanced approach highlights Lisbon’s intent to align its defense capabilities with NATO’s future operational framework, irrespective of an immediate procurement decision.
On June 5, 2025, a pivotal step was taken when Lockheed Martin, the manufacturer of the F-35, signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with AED Cluster Portugal. This agreement aims to explore opportunities for Portuguese industrial participation within the extensive F-35 program. Such a partnership is crucial, as it lays the essential technological and economic groundwork that would support a potential future acquisition of the advanced stealth fighter.
Portugal’s “Air Force 5.3” modernization program initially outlined plans to acquire 27 F-35A Lightning II fighter jets, envisioning a transition from its current F-16 fleet. This proposed shift reflects a clear strategic desire to integrate the Portuguese Air Force more seamlessly into the evolving operational doctrines and technical standards of the NATO alliance, where the F-35 is increasingly becoming the predominant fifth-generation platform.
The decision to invest in industrial participation ahead of a firm purchase commitment allows Portugal to gain valuable insights into the F-35’s technological ecosystem, foster local expertise, and potentially secure long-term economic benefits through maintenance, component manufacturing, or research and development. This approach can also serve as a risk-mitigation strategy, preparing the ground for an eventual acquisition while carefully managing the substantial financial implications involved.
Despite the complexities and high costs associated with the F-35, Portugal’s proactive engagement through this industrial partnership demonstrates a clear intent to be part of the program’s future. It signals a strategic long-term vision for its air power, emphasizing interoperability with key allies and a commitment to maintaining a technologically advanced air force capable of meeting future security challenges within the NATO framework.