Spain is poised for a significant transformation in its naval strategy, embarking on public discussions and feasibility studies for its first-ever catapult-fitted aircraft carrier. This ambitious project, spearheaded by Spanish shipbuilder Navantia, signifies a profound commitment to enhancing the nation’s maritime power projection capabilities, aligning with NATO’s urgent calls for increased defense investment among its members.
The impetus behind this proposed conventionally powered carrier stems from the impending retirement of Spain’s aging EAV-8B Harrier II short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft, coupled with the absence of a formal procurement plan for the F-35B, the STOVL variant of the Joint Strike Fighter. This has propelled the Spanish Navy to consider a CATOBAR (Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) solution, which offers broader interoperability with allied navies and ensures long-term relevance in modern naval aviation.
Designed by Navantia, the proposed carrier is envisioned to operate a formidable air wing of up to 30 combat aircraft. This shift to a CATOBAR system would allow Spain to field a diverse array of advanced jets, including the F-35C, the naval variant of the Rafale M, and future derivatives from the Future Combat Air System (FCAS) program. Should this project materialize, Spain would join an exclusive club as only the third European nation, alongside France and the United Kingdom, to operate a full-capability CATOBAR aircraft carrier, significantly bolstering NATO’s naval readiness.
Beyond the carrier itself, Spain also plans to acquire an additional Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD), potentially creating an unprecedented three-vessel naval aviation structure. Strategically, this move would substantially elevate Spain’s role within NATO, enhancing deterrence capabilities across the Mediterranean and Atlantic. It is also expected to foster greater regional carrier cooperation, contributing to a more robust and integrated European naval defense posture.
While the financial undertaking remains significant, with specific costs yet to be disclosed, the active discussions and feasibility study indicate a serious intent from Madrid. If realized, future contracts for both the ship’s construction and its air wing would solidify Spain’s position as a key player in European naval power, equipped to project force and maintain stability in an increasingly complex maritime environment.